Cisco’s It Implementation of an Organizational Change

Presentation Today’s world requires a squeezing need to use the I. T administrations and assets while lessening the expense so as to improve authoritative wide profitability. There are numerous CEO’s of the business world today that propose the top need of an any association is to have the capacity to build up a feeling of new thoughts and developments. (Doorman, Stern and Council on Competitiveness, 1999). The term â€Å"innovation† utilized by organization’s essentially shows the innovation of another item, procedures and frameworks that which are just made to adjust to the steady change in business sectors, advancements just as methods of rivalry. D’Aveni, 1994; Dougherty and Hardy, 1996; Utterback, 1994). Porras and Silvers (1991) likewise examinations the hierarchical change and its significance in the developing difference between Cisco IT Network and Data Center Services (NDCS) which was changed from utilizing a traditional authoritative mode l to Cisco’s own lifecycle model, alongside generous activities upgrades across five different measurements. This complexity is adequately unavoidable in late work and adequately focal in the conceptualization of progress that has been utilized and it as the structure that composes has review.This report will outline a system focused on administrators that shows the procedure of advancement can be an overseeing change, administration backing and administration execution inside an association. In any case, it is clear that dealing with the complex and the unsafe procedure of development has been demonstrated to be risky and loaded down with trouble. (Kanter, 1989; Quinn, 1985). A broad survey dependent on applicable writing, bolstered by an advancement of sensible and all around legitimized contentions of the ability of innovation.We will likewise look at the strategy of CISCO Lifecycle as far as conduct move, change process alongside the effective developments that contains t he center components and procedures paying little mind to the business or firm. High performing pioneers are likewise ready to saddle this advancement meta-capacity so as to accomplish remarkable execution. A meeting directed by Dr Joseph Fiksel for the Journal of Sustainable Product Design asserts that it is crucial to not just see how the procedure capacities just as increasing a comprehension of the whole culture of the item improvement community.Dr Joseph discusses that â€Å"product plan designers will in general be self-important yet are anyway commonly able and innovative people have solid building skills†. These people will in general be dubious of any individual who renders their administrations also any individual who appears to come in their manner to muddle their furious lives. (Contract, 1998) Analysis of CISCO IT Lifecycle Methodology As for enterprise’s such Cisco whom are moving from the conventional innovation (Silo-based hierarchical structure) to a l ifecycle-based model will be a considerable improvement activity across five different measurements. Lowe, 2009). This change will unravel the issue of duplication and absence of center over the association. Characteristically, most government order plots alongside the board and financial matters written works considers benefits as whatever isn't unmistakable, fabricated products that are devoured as it is delivered and sold. Take for occasions, the business that we use in this paper; programming item business is delegated administration business by the United States government’s standard under the arrangement scheme.Traditionally the advancement of ASIC’s inside an organization, for example, Cisco has been firmly combined with the improvement of a solitary finished result. Be that as it may, the increasing expense related with advancement of very good quality ASIC’s has constrained a conduct move in the ASIC’s improvement process. Examination discoveries â€Å"process view† and â€Å"integration† directed by Seethamraju (2012). In spite of the fact that business forms have been exposed to a conventional report by means of numerous points of view for a while dating to the beginning of the mechanical age. There forms were as yet not exactly surely knew and were left unmanaged and shoddy. CISCO I.T could have executed different procedures, for example, Phased Methodology or Business Process Modeling (BPM). We have reasoned that these procedures have developed through different stages from the mid 1700’s as â€Å"division of labor†. This was when fabricating first moved into production lines from the cabin business. These procedures isn't just executed by traditional business however is custom fitted for a wide range of associations, for example, government organizations, divisions, noble cause, common and cooperatives just as numerous others. A model that can be utilized is the â€Å"Six Sigma† was f irst evolved by Motorola Inc, in the mid 1980’s.This system gives broad â€Å"Six Sigma† preparing and consultancy administrations. Accordng to Motorola I. T â€Å"Six Sigma is a profoundly taught process that causes us center around creating and conveying near immaculate items and administrations. This framework drives lucidity around business techniques and the measurements that reflect accomplishment with methodology. Through experience, Motorola has discovered that order utilization of measurements and uses of this strategy is as yet not adequate to drive an ideal forward leap for upgrades and results that are manageable over a time of time.Discuss the understanding and learning’s from the case that you consider could be applied to your own circumstance. Before continuing further to a strategy that I may apply to my own case situation, I will initially look at my quality and constraints. After cautiously considering the difficulties I may cause, various pro cedures have been utilized so as to create increasingly precise client data and the understanding to their issues. A significant way to deal with increase a superior comprehension of client needs has be lead-client development. (Von Hippel, Thomke and Sonnack, 1999).However, I find that the absence of measurements and ineffectual estimations will be the ideal strategy to be applied in these conditions. As the worldwide increment of upper hands on how business are led, Information innovation has become an undeniably significant apparatus particularly with I. T administration ventures, for example, CISCO, where profitability could be improved by utilizing the proficient assets made accessible by diminishing expense. During the underlying stages, CISCO was utilizing a customary storehouse ed hierarchical structure in which staffs are associated with doing both the execution and operational work.The contrast between the conventional, intensely statist framework and the inconsistent libe ral framework is that both are similarly wasteful while giving the open merchandise or administrations. Different creators (Jenson 2004, Levesque et al. 2005) point to the quiet reconfiguration of the government assistance state which began two decades back affected by NGOs, affiliations, the network division and the third segment. The confinements under this structure are duplications of work by staffs and the absence of a reasonable core interest. These variables have additionally affected the organization to look for an elective structure that would be perfect with its standards.Cisco progressed service’ Network Availability Improvement Service association (NAIS) was approached to recognize regions that require changes alongside causing proposals on how this to can be accomplished. NAIS utilizes Operational Risk Management Analysis to survey individuals, procedure and devices that limit operational hazard. Accordingly, a reasonable guide for operational greatness is intend ed to improve best practices (Chan, and Mauborgne, 1997). This can likewise be utilized in any association at any degree of procedure work. While it's especially valuable for taking care of huge scope process overhauling, it is additionally helpful when chipping away at a solitary process.Through this procedure the conventional authoritative structure was changed to Cisco’s Lifecycle structure which later end up being increasingly proficient and viable. (Behrendt, 1997) According to the Life Cycle Design standards, interdisciplinary cooperation of multi partners is fundamental in life cycle structure. Interdisciplinary collaboration in a mind boggling issue or undertaking like Life Cycle Design, that incorporates various angles, requests dynamic cooperation and inclusion of various experts so as to prevail in the compelling execution of item life cycle design.How will you apply these bits of knowledge and learning’s in your current or future undertakings as a chief? Th rough the execution Cisco’s lifecycle approach which aides takes care of the business issues involves six lifecycle forms in which each stage expresses ideas in more extensive perspectives. (Clegg, 1999). Through this new structure set up the association initially decides its money related qualities before new ventures are acknowledged and the suggestions sooner rather than later in any case whether the association has the assets to deal with the technology.My supposition requires the necessities of supervisors to arrange day by day tasks where will develop advancement and change inside their organizations. Notwithstanding, the need to oversee abilities is regularly seen as a deterrent in the improvement of effective developments. Exercises, for example, assembling and advertising are viewed as the way to current accomplishment with authoritative procedures worked around dependability, proficiency and gainfulness in producing a money flow.Processes that are grown, for example , â€Å"programming† standard specialty units to perform schedules, formalize structures and furthermore not to consider some fresh possibilities (Starbuck, 1983). A persuasive business structure which involves business objectives and specialized imperatives would encourage a superior assistance conveyance. Staff aptitude upgrades are significant as it improves the efficiency and diminishes unnecessary wastage. This new model likewise helps the association in reduci

Bless Me Ultima Ultima Is a Witch Essay

In the book Bless Me, Ultima, Ultima is an elderly person who was welcome to remain at our hero house, Antonio, to live the rest of her existence with the Marez family. Be that as it may, there is a contention to who is Ultima, a witch or curandera? Ultima considers herself a curandera, somebody who utilizes herbs and old traditions to recuperate another person, yet a few people in the book consider her a bruja, which is Spanish for witch. Ultima is known as a witch commonly in the novel however neither denies nor acknowledges the allegation. The Author of the book, Anaya Rudolfo leaves us with the topic of who truly was Ultima, a witch or curandera? As I would like to think I accept that Ultima is a witch. All through the novel Ultima shows numerous attributes of being a witch and in this paper I will give you how Ultima is a witch. First is the connection among Ultima and the owl. In the book when Ultima moves in with the Marez family, an owl follows. The owl can be an image of witch and is even said so in the novel, â€Å"In numerous cuentos I had heard the owl was one of the masks a bruja took†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg13). Ultima has an exceptionally solid association with the owl and is even said that the owl was Ultima’s soul or life power. A case of Ultima and the owl being a similar individual is toward the finish of the novel when Antonio covers the owl, â€Å"†¦ and after mass we would take her body [Ultima] to the service in las Pasturas for entombment. In any case, that would just be recommended by custom. Ultima was truly covered here. Tonight† (pg262). That citation implies that when Antonio covered the owl he was additionally covering Ultima since they shared spirits. On the off chance that Ultima has the spirit of witch, at that point she herself must be abhorrent. Another insidious association among Ultima and the owl is when in page 134 of the book Ultima’s owl tears out Tenorio’s eye. In the event that Ultima was actually a curandera would she truly harmed a man, when her obligation of a curandera was to help and help individuals? Next are the demonstrations of Ultima. Ultima shows many witch like character when she was relieving Lucas. First was that she had dolls of the three witches and she had utilized them like voodoo dolls, â€Å"†¦and when he inhaled on them they appeared to wriggle in her grasp. I shivered to see those earth dolls take life. At that point she took pins†¦she stuck a pin into each doll† (pg101). Here Ultima seems to do some detestable voodoo custom. A curandera depends on herbs and nature to recuperate individuals and not shrewd voodoo. Second is the way that she reviled somebody, â€Å"†¦ and what you tried to do will fix you† (pg101). Here is the place Ultima was expelling the revile that was set on Lucas, Antonio’s uncle. Ultima doesn't just evacuate the revile yet sends it back to witches that reviled Lucas. In the event that she was a curandera shouldn’t she have the aims to just recuperate Lucas rather than likewise reviling the witches as well? Last is the statement â€Å"You must comprehend that when anyone, bruja or curandera, cleric r delinquent, messes with the destiny of a man that occasionally a chain of occasions is sent into movement over which nobody will have extreme control. † This occurs and it prompts passing of Tenorio’s girl, goading him, to execute Narciso. Ultima knew this and it wound up slaughtering a man. Could this have been an abhorrent plot by Ultima? Last is the wellspring of Ultima’s powers. The possibility of Ultima’s powers are raised in page 93, â€Å"Toma, Tenorio yelled. He crossed his fingers and held the indication of the cross before Ultima’s face. She didn't budge†¦Either she was not a bruja, or their perspective, she had powers that had a place with the fallen angel himself. † It is feasible for Ultima to have the forces of the fiend on the grounds that off all the past reasons recorded. She has done abhorrence for the reasons appear previously and now since she can take the cross you can see that she has powers more grounded than a witch, or even powers â€Å"from the fallen angel himself†. To additional verification of her fiend talented forces you can see from this statement, â€Å"Would the enchantment of Ultima be more grounded than all the forces of the holy people and the blessed mother church†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg97). Here you can see that Ultima’s powers are not of the congregation and are more grounded. Last is a definitive test that was made in the book. Ultima was given the test to stroll through an entryway that had the characteristic of a cross made by two favored needles. She effectively experiences the entryway yet with an exemption. Everybody returns home reasoning she isn't a witch, yet Antonio finds the needles on the ground. In the event that the needles were on the ground, at that point Ultima could have strolled through the entryway effortlessly. Ultima could have attacked the needles when the possibility of the test was first welcomed on. Her thumping down the needles can demonstrate her dread of God and everything sacred, saying she is a witch. Taking everything into account you can see that Ultima is a witch. She has an otherworldly association with a creature that is supposed to be a witch, which is her owl. Ultima likewise has the spirit of a witch. Ultima has polished voodoo in the book alongside reviling others. At last her forces are from the fiend himself. In light of the considerable number of reasons expressed I accept that Ultima is a witch in the story Bless Me, Ultima.

These Authors Are Taking Back the Memoir

These Authors Are Taking Back the Memoir This is a guest post from Mya Nunnally. Having loved books since the age of four, Mya is a writer and poet who looks to explore the complexities of life through language. She attends Barnard College of Columbia University and cherishes her kitten, Ramen. When she isnt writing or reading, shes playing video games with strong female characters. Follow Mya on Twitter @literallymya. “According to Nielsen BookScan, which tracks about 70 percent of U.S. book sales, total sales in the categories of Personal Memoirs, Childhood Memoirs, and Parental Memoirs increased more than 400 percent between 2004 and 2008. Also, memoirs in Britain occupied seven out of ten bestselling nonfiction hardcovers in both 2007 and 2008.” â€" Memoir: A History by Ben Yagoda The gap between the number of white writers in the US and writers of color is still astronomical. In addition, sexism still runs rampant in many areas of the literary world, such as book reviews, to name just one example. Because of this and other serious injustices faced by minorities worldwide, I’ve decided to highlight some books by people belonging to marginalized groups. Specifically, memoirs. Within the past couple decades, the memoir as a riveting genre of non-fiction has ascended to mainstream popularity. Through the eyes of their authors, we can engage in events and emotions that we might never be able to experience directly. In a way, writing a memoir is an act of asserting one’s self worth. It’s the author telling us that their story is important and worthy of history. In a world of fake news, fear, and lies by our very administration, subjective stories are vital to our survival. These memoirs take back their truth and give us insight into lives that we might not see depicted in general media. Or, we might not see them depicted positively or truthfully. Try reading works by these authors who aren’t afraid to strip themselves bare in order for us to connect and learn. The Argonauts by Maggie Nelson On the surface, this is a love story. A little deeper, and you’ll find that Nelson’s moving tale is actually about transformation, love, and identity, just to start. This book is around 150 pages long, and yet my college writing class spent two weeks exploring its depth. We could have spent a month longer, as this short memoir is filled with plenty of philosophical, social, and political analysis. Nelson’s story chronicles her relationship with gender-fluid artist Harry Dodge and the creation of their family. Not only does Nelson articulate various nuanced thoughts on gender and sexuality, she also offers an alternative to the nuclear family. By showing readers a healthy, different kind of lifestyle, The Argonauts brings so much diversity to the table. Diversity in thinking, in politics, in sexuality and gender… the list goes on. This story brings validation to a lifestyle not often talked about, and battles ignorance in those who do not understand. The Misadventures of Awkward Black Girl by Issa Rae “My name is ‘J’ and I’m awkwardâ€"and black. Someone once told me those were the two worst things anyone could be.” Jo-Issa Rae Diop, known by most as Issa Rae, is extremely talented. She’s written, directed, acted, and created television and web series, and now â€" she’s an author. Her talents on screen transfer beautifully to The Misadventures of Awkward Black Girl, where she chronicles many parts of her life with honesty and humor. This memoir illustrates her life as, you guessed it, an awkward black girl in both America and Senegal, where she spent parts of her childhood. Every essay is either illuminating to those who have never been in her shoes, or hilariously validating to those of us who have. Highlights include Rae’s essay on trying online dating at the age of 11, and her thoughts on the beauty of eating out alone. Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates I know, I know, everyone has probably told you to read this book a hundred times by now. But until it’s considered mandatory high school reading or something like that, I’ll keep recommending it. Ta-Nehisi Coates’ memoir is in the form of a letter to his son after an act of police brutality. This talented writer calls on beautiful language and emotional imagery to tell a story too many of us need to hear. What’s unique about this book is its relatability. Many theories and essays on race are unfortunately, written in dense academia-speak. For anyone who doesn’t know the right terminology or hasn’t learned how to decipher college writings, these essays are impossible to get through or understand. In contrast, Between the World and Me presents the struggles of black people in America and Coates’ theories in startling clarity. The book isn’t even 200 pages. Anyone can pick this up, read, and learn. Shrill by Lindy West I can’t remember the last time I read a novel where the main character wasn’t thin. And if she wasn’t thin, her weight was something for her to overcome and at the end, she became skinny. While this isn’t a novel, Shrill is a refreshing, complete wake-up call. I admit, I fell prey to some of the issues West finds with a society obsessed with health. This memoir truly made me rethink how I see myself and others. I love knowing that after I’ve finished a book, I’m a better person in some way. West’s overwhelming confidence is also inspiring to anyone struggling with their image. It takes a lot to think you are beautiful in a world determined to tell you otherwise. West’s candid approach to often controversial issues such as abortion and the word “fat” itself â€" sheds light on overtalked topics with a brilliant, new perspective. Born a Crime by Trevor Noah The South African Apartheid is something I never learned about in school. Strangely, it wasn’t considered “history” in my history classes that covered other oppressive regimes. In fact, I’ve only learned about South Africa through literature, never in an academic setting. One of the most illuminating stories is Trevor Noah’s memoir, Born a Crime. Most of his musings on life in South Africa take place during his hilarious, intense, and endearing childhood. Noah navigates the tough reality of apartheid while being his usual humorous and introspective self. I saw slight parallels to my own experience as a mixed person in a country obsessed with racial guidelines. This memoir, especially the ending, made me change the way I see the world around me and how I interact within it. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

Sports Direct Financial Analysis Essay examples - 1587 Words

BUSINESS ACCOUNTING AC1010 SPORTS DIRECT INTERNATIONAL PLC. Table of Contents 1.0 Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 2.0 Company Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 3.0 Performance during the last 5 years†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 4.0 Ratios Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 * 4.1 Earning per Share Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 * 4.2 Quick Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 * 4.3 Current Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 * 4.4 ROCE Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 5.0 Company Funding and Gearing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 6.0 Qualitative Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 7.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 8.0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8†¦show more content†¦They opened more stores in Europe and they gain better retail and logistic skills. Revenue was  £147,62m higher than in 2010. (Sportsdirectplc, 2012) Share price over the last 5 years Source:http://markets.ft.com/Research/Markets/Tearsheets/Summary?s=SPD:LSE 4.0 Ratios Analysis 4.1 Earning per Share Ratio A graph below represents Earning per Share ratio. EPS ratio is used when the company wants to know how are they doing in their businesses from year to year. EPS is shown in pence. (Dyson, 2010) A year 2009 was not so profitable for company as EPS was -2,79p. This means that business was making little money, which was not good for shareholders. However, in 2010 the EPS was quite high, 14,76p, what means the company is making profit and shareholders want to invest in business. 4.2 Quick Ratio The Quick Ratio also known as Acid Ratio is used by firms to determine liquidity position. It explains if the firm is able to pay all of their current debt liabilities. (Dyson, 2010) The graph above illustrates that over the period from 2007 to 2011 quick ratio was not more that 1, which means that their debts might not be covered all. The graph also indicates that a peak was in 2011. 4.3 Current Ratio The graph above shows a current ratio. It is used for measuring an ability of the company to pay offShow MoreRelatedSports Direct Financial Situation Analysis and Their New Project Investment in Morocco5386 Words   |  22 PagesPART I: COMPANY ANALYSIS 5 1- Introduction of the company 5 1.1 History: 5 1.2. The industry: 5 1.3. Sports Direct today: 6 2. Analysis on the financing structure of the company 6 2.1. Sports Direct financial statements: 7 2.2. JJB Sports financial statements: 9 2.3. Ratios of Sports Direct and JJB Sports 12 3. The weighted average cost of capital 15 3.1. Cost of equity: 15 3.2. Cost of debt: 15 3.3. WACC: 16 PART II: PROJECT INVESTMENT ANALYSIS 17 1- PreliminaryRead MoreAnalysis Of Halfords Plc Financial Analysis1276 Words   |  6 Pages Halfords Plc Financial Analysis Table of Contents 1-Executive summary............................................................................ 2-Introduction ....................................................................................... 2.1-About BIKE Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.2- Halfords Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3- Halfords Key Competitors †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.4-SportsDirect Overview ........... 3-Segmentation Analysis .............................. Read MoreSwot Analysis : Mark Emmert1721 Words   |  7 Pagescapitalistic tendencies (bookshelf.vitalsource.com). Question Three What is the SWOT Analysis? The SWOT analysis is a great way for companies or organizations to determine their brand and product’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. In order to more effectively determine these areas, separation of internal and external issues within the company or association is crucial. NCAA SWOT Analysis Strength Analysis As is shown above, the NCAA enjoys a strong brand awareness amongst higher educationRead MoreBusiness Plan For Grow Porsche Over The Next Three Years Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagescompany’s history, products, and financial performance will be highlighted. A future-oriented SWOT analysis will be provided to describe the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Porsche. Based upon the information gathered for the analysis, a strategic plan using calculations for improving the business will be determined. The essay will conclude by discussing the measurements of success and additional recommendations. History or Porsche Porsche is a sports car company that has been successfulRead MoreEssay Sugar Daddies in European Football Clubs1388 Words   |  6 PagesDietl et al. (2009) and their analysis of social welfare and difference between profit-maximising and win-maximising leagues; then Lang et al. (2011) analysed benefactors influence on industry competitiveness; then Madden (2012) studied implications towards the economic stability of the industry; then Franck Lang (2012) observed growing trend towards riskier strategic investments amongst ‘sugar-daddy’ owned clubs; and finally the possible outcome of new UEFA’s ‘Financial Fair Play’ regime (aimed atRead MoreDo Public Subsidies For Professional Athletic Organizations Benefit Their Local Community?1591 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessional athletic organizations benefit their local community? Sports teams, or professional athletic organization, are extremely important institutions within a city or region. They can help connect people with places, and through this loyalty, a sense of civic pride can be seen. Furthermore, the multi-billion dollar industry sports produces effects that can impact individuals and communities. In recent years dozens of new sports stadiums have been built throughout the country, with major fundingRead MoreJd Sports3161 Words   |  13 PagesFinancial Performance Observation for JD Sports Introduction JD Sports Fashion plc, which can be simply called as JD Sports, is a sports and fashion retail corporate based in United Kingdom, while it is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and also it is one of the FTSE 250 Index’s constituents. The main business of JD Sports is to sale the fashion apparel sport and footwear, while a lot of limited edition and exclusive designs from Adidas and Nike are soled JD Sports, and a typical JD Sports StoreRead MoreThe Under Armour, Inc., And The Adidas Group1634 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This analysis of the Under Armour, Inc., and its subsidiaries is depicted in the paper; Under Armour and its subsidiaries develops, markets, and distributes branded performance apparel, footwear, and accessories for men, women, and youth primarily in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. The company is in direct competition with Nike, Inc. and The Adidas Group. Therefore, this paper will further attempt to evaluate the pressure exertedRead MoreWhy Adidas And Nike Is The Best Choice For Me1643 Words   |  7 PagesI am really fond of sport. I have been played soccer since ten years and always wear Adidas and Nike so it is two companies I know very well. Then, when I was thinking about which companies I was going to choose, I wanted two multinationals and one American company and one European company. So Adidas and Nike was the best choice for me. Today, Adidas and Nike are the two leaders of the sports market and therefore live competitor 2) Adidas’ history Adidas is a European Sports company created in 1949Read MoreAdidas 2008 Study Case1488 Words   |  6 Pagesin 1948 decided to separate and created their own firms. The first one called Adidas (Adolf-Adi) and the second Puma. After the World Cup in 1954 Adidas become in a famous brand when Germany team decided to wear it, followed by the sponsoring of sports stars. After the death of Adi Dassler in 1978, his Horst son remained to the front of Adidas. Horst was only president until 1987, when it died to the 51 years. After this event, the company begins to cross one serious crisis, mainly due to the push

Stanine Score Example

Stanine scores are a way to rescale raw scores into a nine point scale. This nine point scale provides an easy way to compare individuals without worrying about small differences in raw score. Stanine scores are typically used with standardized testing and are often reported on the results along with raw scores. Example Data We will see an example of how to calculate stanine scores for a sample data set. There are 100 scores in the table below that are from a population that is normally distributed with a mean of 400 and a standard deviation of 25.   The scores have been ranked in ascending order as 351 380 392 407 421 351 381 394 408 421 353 384 395 408 422 354 385 397 409 423 356 385 398 410 425 356 385 398 410 425 360 385 399 410 426 362 386 401 410 426 364 386 401 411 427 365 387 401 412 430 365 387 401 412 431 366 387 403 412 433 368 387 403 413 436 370 388 403 413 440 370 388 403 413 441 371 390 404 414 445 372 390 404 415 449 372 390 405 417 452 376 390 406 418 452 377 391 406 420 455 Calculation of Stanine Scores We will see how to determine which raw scores become which stanine scores. The first 4% of ranked scores (raw scores 351-354) will be given a stanine score of 1.The next 7% of ranked scores (raw scores 356-365) will be given a stanine score of 2.The next 12% of ranked scores (raw scores 366-384) will be given a stanine score of 3.The next 17% of ranked scores  (raw scores 385-391) will be given a stanine score of 4.The middle 20% of ranked scores (raw scores 392-406) will be given a stanine score of 5.The next 17% of ranked scores (raw scores 407-415) will be given a stanine score of 6.The next 12% of ranked scores (raw scores 417-427) will be given a stanine score of 7.The next 7% of ranked scores (raw scores 430-445) will be given a stanine score of 8.The next 4% of ranked scores (raw scores 449-455) will be given a stanine score of 9. Now that the scores have been converted to a nine point scale, we can easily interpret them.   A score of 5 is the midpoint and is the average score.   Each point in the scale is 0.5 standard deviations away from the mean.

Accounting Free Essays

A company is considering the following alternatives: Alternative Alternative 2 Revenues $120,000 $120,000 Variable Costs S 60,000 $60,000 Fixed costs $35,000 $35,000 Which of the following are relevant in choosing between the alternatives? 2. ) Adler Company manufactures a product with the following costs: unit Variable Cost $50 Unit Fixed Cost $24 Total Cost per unit $74 The company normally sells 10,000 units at a price of $88 each. Adler has a one-time opportunity to sell an additional 3,000 units at $70 each in a foreign market, which would not affect its present sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the company has sufficient capacity to produce the additional units, acceptance of the special order would affect net income as follows: 3. ) If a company must expand capacity to accept a special order, it is likely that there will be 4. ) May company produces 1,000 units of a necessary component with the following costs: Direct Materials $48,000 Direct Labor $32,000 Variable overhead $8,000 axed overhead $14,000 May Company could avoid $6,000 in fixed overhead costs if it acquires the components externally. If cost minimization is the major consideration and he company would prefer to buy the components, what is the maximum external purchase price that May Company would accept to acquire at 1 ,OOH units externally? 5. ) A company has a process that results in 500 drums of Chemical L that can be sold for $300 per drum. An alternative would be to process Chemical L further at a cost of $25,000 and then sell it for $380 per drum. Should management sell Chemical L now or should Chemical L be processed further and then sold? What is the effect of the action? 6. The focus of a sell or process further decision 7. A company is considering replacing old equipment with new equipment. Which of the following is a relevant cost for incremental analysis? 8. ) A company has several product lines, one of which reflect the following results: Sales $400,000 variable costs $275,000 Contribution Margin $1 25,000 axed expenses$200,ooh Net loss -$75,000 If this product line is eliminated, 80% of the fixed ex penses can be eliminated and the other 20% will be allocated to other product lines. If management decides to eliminate this product line, the company’s net income will 9. Using compound interest, if you deposit $1 ,OOH each year in an account paying 7% interest, approximately how much will have in that account in five years? 10. ) A company is considering an investment, which will return lump savings of $150,000 four years from now. If they require a 10% return, what is the most they should pay for in the investment? 1 1 The internal rate of return is the interest rate that causes 12. ) A company is considering investing in a project, which will cost $1 75,000, and last for 5 years. Annual net income will be $45,000 and annual cash flow ill be $50,000. What is the payback period from†¦? 13. ) If a project has equal annual cash flows, its cash payback period is computed by dividing the cost of the capital investment by the 14. ) Paschal Company is considering the acquisition of new equipment at a cost of $1 , 700,000. The company’s accountants have provided the following additional information about the project for your analysis: Annual net income $360, 000 Net annual cash flow $390,000 Estimated useful life 7 years If the company has established a required rate f return of 1 1 what is the approximate net present value of the equipment acquisition? 5. ) Your analysis of a project under consideration by Davenport Company reveals the following expected performance over it expected three year useful life: Net Income Cash Flow Year 1 year 2 Year 3 535,000 $40,000 $45,000 $50,000 555,000 $60,000 This project has a cost of $110,000 and Davenport has established a discount (hurdle) rate of 9%. What is the approximate net presen t value of the project? 16. ) Complete the statement: Intangible benefits in capital budgeting 17. ) You are evaluating the financial characteristics: Project A Project B Net present value $50,000 exclusive projects which have the following $75,000 Initial investment $200,000 $400,000 project life 4 years 4 years Which project will be accepted? 18. ) Hinges Hardware is evaluating a new retail location and its accountants have prepared some information for your review. Their analysis has established that the new location will costs S 1 , 500,000 and generate net present value of $100,000 using a discount rate of 10%. What is the profitability index for this project? 19. ) Roan, Inc. S analyzing the acquisition of new equipment, which will cost 50,000. Accountants have determined that this equipment will have a five- year useful lifer and in each year generate net income of $1 2,800 and operating cash flow of $14,200. The company requires a 10% return on invested capital. What is the approximate AIR of this equipment acquisition? 20. ) In most cases, prices are set by the 21 Which of the following is not considered a limitation of co st-plus pricing? 22. ) Downing company produces a high-resolution computer monitor. The following information is available for this product: Fixed cost per unit $50 Variable cost per unit $150 Total cost per unit $200 Downing expects to sell 10,000 units per year. The company has decided to price its monitors to earn a 14% return on its investment of $8,000,000 What is the target-selling price per monitor? 23. ) Assuming the selling division has available capacity, a negotiated transfer price should be a maximum of 24. ) The Burnett Company’s Crystal Division normally sells its product for $24 per unit. How to cite Accounting, Papers Accounting Free Essays Require: Choose the best answer for these questions as below: (40 marks) 1. Which of the following costs would be classified as a period cost? a) Direct labor. b) Direct materials. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now c) Factory overhead. d) Selling expenses. 2. Costs that rise and fall proportionately with the volume of output are often referred to as: a) variable costs. b) flexible costs. c) idle capacity costs. d) uncontrollable costs. 3. If Company A has a higher proportion of fixed costs relative to variable costs than Company B: a) Company A has a higher break-even point than Company B. b) Company A is more sensitive to changes in sales than Company B. ) Company A has greater risk compared to Company B. d) All of the above are true. 4. The margin of safety ratio is: Page 1 /3 a) higher for a company with lower operating leverage. b) lower for a company with lower operating leverage. c) is not affected by operating leverage. d) is increased by a greater proportion of variable to fixed costs. 5. If unit sales are $12, variable costs are $7. 20 per unit and fixed costs are $24,000 what is the contribution ratio per unit? a) 50% b) 60% c) 40% d) 70% 6. A cost that has already been incurred and cannot be changed is called a(an): a) opportunity cost. ) sunk cost. c) joint cost. d) out of Pocket cost. 7. The human resources department of a large company would be considered: a) a cost center. b) a profit center. c) an investment center. d) a revenue center. 8. The primary difference between profit centers and cost centers is that: a) profit centers generate revenue. b) cost centers incur costs. c) profit centers are evaluated using return on investment criteria. d) profit centers provide services to other centers in the organization. ANSWER 1. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. II. The Gong Company produces and sells three types of jigsaws, variable speed (A), single speed (B) and variable speed with auto-scrolling (C). Budgeted data is given below: Sales Mix as a Proportion Product Sales Price Variable cost Per Unit of Total Sales Dollars A B C $30 20 40 $15 12 30 Budgeted total fixed costs are $700,000. Page 2 /3 10% 50% 40% Required: (40 marks) 1) Calculate the break-even point in sales dollars for each product based on the budgeted sales mix. 2) Determine the sales dollars of each product needed to generate a budgeted after tax profit of $245,000, assume a 30 % tax rate. ) Determine the sales dollars of each product needed to generate a 14. 5% budgeted return on sales dollars after taxes, a ssume a 30% tax rate. 4) Assuming total sale revenues are $2,500,000; calculate the operating leverage of the Gong Company. Give your idea about this operating leverage. If sales revenue increases by 10%, how will operating profit c hange? III. Henson Company produces go lf discs which it normally sells to retailers for $7 each. The cost of manufacturing 20,000 golf discs is: Materials $10,000 Labor 24,000 Variable overhead 20,000 Fixed overhead 50,000 Total $104,000 Henson also incurs 5% sales commission ($0. 35) on each disc sold. Wood Corporation offers Henson $4. 75 per disc for 4,000 discs. Wood would sell the discs under its own brand name in foreign markets not yet served by Henson. If Henson accepts the offer, its fixed overhead will increase from $50,000 to $55,000 due to the purchase of a new imprinting machine. No sales commission will result from the special order. Required: (20 marks) 1) Prepare a differential a nalysis for the special order. 2) Should Henson accept the special order? Why or why not? The end Page 3 /3 How to cite Accounting, Essay examples Accounting Free Essays

Definiton Of Team Player free essay sample

I think that everyone has been told to be a team player, yet there is no clear definition of what a team player Is. A team player can be associated to any type of profession a person participates In while working with a group of people trying to accomplishment the same goal. In the Webster Student Dictionary, there is nothing about the phrase team player but, the closest to team player is the definition of teamwork, which is defined as Unity of action, as by the players on a team. Some synonyms are collaboration, joint effort, and cooperation.A team player has a plethora of traits and full understanding of the concepts necessary for careful analysis. A good personality would have to Included being friendly and diplomatic which are two biggest traits the player personality would need. Having a friendly personality is to key to keep the harmony with the other players. We will write a custom essay sample on Definiton Of Team Player or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not having a good personality means that someone in the group may be afraid to approach you or others with a problem or an idea, and that is the most important part about working in a team is the sharing of Ideas and notifying everyone when a problem does occur so that It can e fixed.The diplomatic skills would help end any disputes that other players might have with someone. Motivation drives people to get work done. Some people in the team may not have the same motivational drive that others have. Personality is very important for getting along with others in your team; however, it does not accomplish the task entirely. On the other hand, motivation would be something that is done mostly by the team leader or captain, everyone still has a part to play to ensure that team stays on a successful track. Motivation is the key to why team players try so viciously to complete a goal. By discussing ideas, team players work as a whole to solve problems together and works towards solutions. By working together this gives everyone a chance to input their ideas this makes everyone feel important creating more motivation for everyone In the team. When everyone has a great persona and has contributed his or her own Ideas this will lead to positive motivation for a team. Personality and motivation is what keeps the team together and keeps everything bovine along while they work on achieving a common goal.Just like in soccer, as the team goes for the goal, and drives the ball play downfall the whole time the work When things start to click the team will always be striving for mission accomplishment and constantly wanting the team to be successful. Team players may strive to accomplish a goal by showing no concern for his or her Individual needs by putting that goal before anything else. By doing this the team will want to work together until one task is finished and the more tasks that are accomplished ivies the team more self-assurance for future goals.Those only a few traits of what an ideal team player would possess. From looking at this deflation of a team player Is hard to define, but the Idea Is that everyone learns team. This will help the team complete more goals successfully and will produce many team players where everyone is a leader. To be a team player, one cannot be selfish nor need recognition for ones individual acts or contributions. True team players only express pleasure when the team as a whole is successful.

Creation Essays (397 words) - Bereshit, Adam And Eve,

Creation Problems Remember the story of creation you learned in Bible School. God created light and darkness, earth and sky, water and land, the sun and the moon, the birds and the beasts. Along with them came man. Adam, the man, got lonely, so out of Adam God took a rib and formed Eve, the first woman. As they lived in the Garden of Eden, they were told not to eat the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge as God warned them; however, they were both tempted by the serpent to do so, and both sinned. Remembering the story from childhood and even through adolescence, I always thought it was just an illustration of the story of creation; a simple tale to explain the forming of the world and man. However, upon careful examination of the story, it becomes a complex weaving of the interpretation of different authors and their view of weaknesses and desires as applied to men and women. Genesis states that the serpent tempted Eve with the fruit first, even though Adam accompanied her at the time. In conventional society, the male has always been seen as the dominant one. However, the fact that Eve was approached instead of Adam contradicts what would normally be expected. The female has traditionally been seen as the more desiring, cunning, sexual being. Her want for power is perhaps what made her more vulnerable to the serpent's talk of being more like God. Adam's weakness was one of pure love and devotion to his wife; once she offered the forbidden fruit to Adam, he could not resist, for his desire to please Eve far exceeded God's warning. The punishments bestowed upon the two by God were surely appropriate; because Eve had been the first to taste of the fruit, it would cause her pain through childbirth. And because Eve had tempted Adam in turn, she would be forced to serve under her husband. Adam's sentence was to be his painful toil over the land he so loved. Ultimately, man was now condemned to die. Looking back at the history of the authors who completed this chapter of the Bible, it is easy to see why certain passages don't fit together. For example, the first chapter of Genesis states that man and woman were created together, both equal. However, the second chapter states that "no helper was found suitable" for Adam, which led to Eve's creation. The contradiction in statements leaves much to be discussed about the Bible's truth, and which is correct in the history of God's creation.

Critique Of The Book Call It Sleep Essays - Call It Sleep

Critique Of The Book Call It Sleep Essays - Call It Sleep Critique of the book "Call It Sleep" written by Henry Roth The book ?Call It Sleep? written by Henry Roth is a literary work that explores immigrant life as they adjust to the new and unfamiliar ways of American life. The book is somewhat of a social commentary on the period of the Eastern European immigration to America at its peak. The novel gives an inside view on how foreigners (primarily Jewish immigrants) fit into main stream society. Throughout the course of the novel, you travel along with the main character David Schearl as he ages from six to eight and grows up in Brownsville on the lower East side of New York. David is torn between the love of his over protective mother and the hatred of his angry and mentally disturbed father in a quest to make sense of his life in contrast with all of the other immigrant children that he comes in contact with. All of the adventures that David encounters and all of the people that he comes in contact with are simply the author?s way of depicting an immigrants inner struggle and deal! ing with the pressures of life as seen through the eyes of a remarkably perceptive and imaginative child. The opening scenes are set in New York harbor in 1907 at a time when the inflow of foreigners is at its peak. A woman and her small child come off of the boat to reunite with her husband that had gone before them to the new world to start a better life than they were used to in their old country. The author has you experience what it is like to come into New York Harbor and see the city skyline and the lights; and also to experience the feeling of hope and promise for a brighter future for the immigrants. However when Albert Schearl shows up late and uncaring to greet a wife and son who don?t recognize him right away, it is hinted to the reader that trouble is in store for the Schearl family. The father Albert Schearl is introduced as a very haughty and proud individual that believes that he should abandon all signs of his former upbringing and conform to the American ways of life. He is a printer by trade however he cannot hold down a job long enough due to his violent and uncontrollable temperament. He thinks that people are constantly watching his every move therefore he cannot give t************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************** ************************************************************************************** ************************************************************************************** ************************************************************************************** *********************************************************************************** Yiddish and his son is wearing a bonnet that clearly blows their cover in ! their attempts to masquerade as Americans. Later on in the book we learn that Albert?s anger towards his wife and son is brought about by his doubts of David?s paternity due to the fact that his wife had a brief affair with a Gentile in the old country. Thus it can be said that the reason for Albert?s rage and insanity came about by this betrayal. This issue arises again when David receives a rosary from his Polish friend Leo and tells the rabbi a lie about how his mother is really dead and he is half Christian. When the story finds its way back to his father and the rosary is accidentally discovered, Albert is sure of his suspicion about David?s paternity is accurate. Throughout the course of the story Albert is seen almost as the villain that has an iron fist rule over his household thus creating a Freudian mother son bond that cannot be severed. His rage strikes fear into the heart of both his wife and his son thus causing young David to wander the streets of the nei! ghborhood in search of a way to break free from his fathers imprisonment. At the end of the story when David is burned and the thought of actually losing his son become apparent to Albert, this is his moment of catharsis and he exchanges his hatred for his son for that of a concerned parent. Only then is it evident that there is hope for change in Albert and that things will eventually work themselves out. It finally becomes evident to the reader that Albert?s true anger was not directed towards his family but rather

American Airlines Bankruptcy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Airlines Bankruptcy - Essay Example The airline company which was known to be the worlds largest carrier five years ago was forced into bankruptcy on account of various reasons including mergers and acquisitions which significantly affected its business in terms of reduction in number of customers. The company’s position declined steadily from number one to number 3, over the years behind United Continental and Delta Airlines. Source: CBS News (2011a) Furthermore the profits of the company were steadily declining since a long time now. It reported profits in only one quarter during the entire year in 2007 and recorded losses amounting to approximately $4.8 billion over a period of 3-3.5 years. Various airline analysts and experts estimated these losses to either shoot up or continue throughout 2012 (CNN Money, 2011). The American Airlines have filed for Chapter 11 Reorganization for Industry Competitiveness, bankruptcy protection. This type of bankruptcy is usually used by companies which are struggling financially and have large public debts, in order to reorganize their business. Unlike the other types of bankruptcies the Chapter 11 Reorganization bankruptcy allows the company to seek help in reorganizing its business, by restructuring its debts; prevents the creditors from suing or selling off the debtors assets to pay off the debts; and have the opportunity to resume business and emerge from bankruptcy. (Elias, 2011). The board of Directors at AMR decided to file for bankruptcy under this category considering the best interests of its stakeholders and at the same time gain time to restructure its debts, costs and obligations (American Airlines, 2011). The American Airlines will continue to operate according to its normal flight schedules and no changes will be made in the customer reservations. The operations will resume as usual. The company is likely to honor tickets and

Ethics -- Moral Theory and Moral Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics -- Moral Theory and Moral Issue - Essay Example Proponents of the practice argue that people should be as free to choose the way they die in the same way they choose the way they lived. In addition, people deserve to die with as little pain and as much dignity as is possible. Those against legalizing euthanasia say that it could open the door to abuses such as people opting to die earlier than needed for economic reasons and being pressured by relatives who have a financial concern. Callous as may sound, children of the terminally ill may not want their parents to spend their inheritance on life extending techniques, a sad scenario that should certainly be considered. Still others say that euthanasia is â€Å"playing God† which is not acceptable under any circumstances. Euthanasia is a sensitive subject about a painful prospect but must be addressed because it will likely involve everyone as some point in their lives. The word â€Å"euthanasia† is of Greek origin meaning â€Å"good death.† 18th Century England scholars referred to euthanasia as a means of â€Å"dying well.† (Belanger, 2010). Euthanasia is a medical procedure where a doctor supplies a lethal cocktail of drugs to a terminally ill patient who is in serve pain. The patient administers the dosage, not the doctor. The drugs could be administered either intravenously or orally but the decision is the patients, not the doctor or family members. Because of this, euthanasia is termed â€Å"doctor assisted† and not â€Å"doctor administered† suicide. Other methods include removing the patient from a life-support machine or simply not resuscitating them after they expire, allowing them to pass on naturally without the aid of â€Å"heroic measures.† In the three states and few countries that have legalized euthanasia, the patient must be terminally ill, as decided by three doctors and be fully mentally cognizant. Though it is unfortunate, most people will die a bad death instead of a good death. Euthanasia proponents are motivated not by personal autonomy issues, though that is extremely concerning in a free society, but by human suffering and the lack of a dignified death most people endure. Many, if not most, paths to death involve diseases that slowly eat away at bodily organs causing a torturous ending both for the person dying and their loved ones who watch then die following months of agony. Family members and close fiends watch as the dying person becomes progressively gaunt and thin while either unconscious due to pain medications or experiencing constant pain. Everyone can imagine themselves in that scenario and most, ostensibly, would not want to die in that way and would rather spare themselves and their family the agony. Further, the person dying considers themselves a burden and not a positive in anyone’s life anymore. No person wants to be in that situation. However, this scenario occurs in homes, hospices and hospitals thousand of times every day of the year. It ’s a horrific scene that serves no purpose and cannot be assigned a rationale other than to pacify the â€Å"morals† of those who think it acceptable to dictate their wishes from outside the actual situation, uninvolved in the daily trauma. It’s easy to imagine a grandmother, the matriarch of the family, a gentle lady who has dedicated her entire adult life to care for the needs of others now spending her last weeks lying feebly in a sterile, foreign environment. She is not able to use the restroom or feed herself without

Dependent Variables Depression Anxiety Stress Psychology Essay

Dependent Variables Depression Anxiety Stress Psychology Essay Adolescence is a crucial phase in life, during which the teenagers can succumb to conditions like depression, anxiety and stress which can increase chance of mental illnesses. The present study aims at measuring the level of depression, Anxiety and Stress of the 10th std students between the age group of 14-15 years studying in rural and urban High Schools. The sample of the study obtained using purposive sampling consisted of 60 students (30 urban and 30 rural) drawn from two schools one from the metropolitan city of Hyderabad and the other from Nagarkurnool, Mahboobnagar district. In order to carry on the research, the investigator used DAS scale (Depression, Anxiety and Stress) developed by the  University of New South Wales (Australia) 1995 . Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood. The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage years, although its physical, psychological and cultural expressions can begin earlier and end later. In adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments, the ability to think about abstract, future possibilities, and the ability to consider multiple possibilities at once. As a result, adolescents experience a significant shift from the simple, concrete, and global self descriptions typical of young children; as children, they defined themselves with physical traits whereas as adolescents, they define themselves based on their values, thoughts and opinions. The competitive nature of present day educational system has great influence on the youngsters. Every student is faced with a high demand to surpass oneself. Fa ilure to do so may often be considered as a mark of the failure of ones existence by the youngster, whose limited life experience does not permit him/her to seek an alternative. Home and school are the centers of these problems. Most of the conflicting issues arise because of the fear of loss of friends, parents. They become entangled in the grip of insecurity. Most of the time they have this fear that if they are not able to meet expectations of their near and dear ones then he or she will lose them. The additional burden of general expectations of parents, friends, teachers etc stresses the youngster and when confronted with failure hurts their self-esteem. Adolescents thus see themselves in highly conflicting situations, as they often expect to perform their best in the academic field. They often get frustrated, anxious and stressed that suicide becomes their only escape. It is important to realize that stress affects memory and the psychological well being of students. Academic stress particularly among students has been assessed as one of the most important causal factors for adolescents depression. The term depression is difficult to define because of the ambiguity inherent in it. Depression as a medical condition in which a person feels very sad and anxious and often has physical symptoms such as being unable to seep etc Inability to do so leads to stress and this begins to wear out people and the result is most often depression. Stress is the major factor influencing depression. Depression is a state of emotional dejection. Extreme feelings of hopelessness, sadness, isolation, worry, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy and poor concentration are the signs of depression. According to salmons (1997), depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a persons thoughts, behavior, feelings and physical well-being. . The depressed person has negative thoughts, low self-esteem, the feeling of the hopelessness about the future, loss of motivation, change in aptitude, sleep disturbance, an d loss of energy. Depression is closely related to anxiety, most depressed individuals have high levels of anxiety (Mac Leod,Byrne,Valentine,1996) Anxiety is a subjective state of internal discomfort. . It is a normal emotion with adaptive value, in it that acts as a warning system to alert a person to impending danger. Anxiety is a mood -state characterized by negative effects, bodily symptoms of tensions and apprehension about the future (American Psychological Association,1995).psychologists believe that a small amount of anxiety helps to arouse individuals to perform better(Yerkes and Dodson,1908). However, a large amount of anxiety might hinder performance. Anxiety is considered to be a universal phenomenon existing across cultures, although its contexts and manifestations are influenced by cultural beliefs and practices (Good Kleinman, 1985; Guarnaccia, 1997). Generally, more girls than boys develop anxiety disorders and symptoms. Adolescent girls report a greater number of worries, more separation anxiety, and higher levels of generalized anxiety (Campbell Rapee, 1994; Costello, Egger Angold, 2003; Poulton, Milne, Cra ske Menzies, 2001; Weiss Last, 2001). Anxiety is known to affect both learning and performance (McDonald, 2001), no empirical research has explored the relationship between adolescent anxiety and school type, school choice, or mode of instruction. In India ,the main documented cause of anxiety among adolescents is parents high educational expectations and pressure for academic achievement. Stress is a state of mind involving demand on physical or mental energy, a state or circumstance that disturbs the normal, physical and mental health of a person. Stress is a consequence of or a general response to an action or situation that places special physical or psychological demands, or both, on a person. As such, stress involves an interaction of the person and the environment. According to Hans Selye (1974) stress is a response of the body to any stimulus that upset the individuals homeostasis. Any experience that affects ones homeostasis is considered to be stress (Rice, 1992). Hans Selye further defined stress as the nonspecific response of the body to demand made upon it. Stress is a condition and the stimuli causing it called stressors or triggers. Stress can be either positive or negative and can be further divided into two groups which are external and internal (Selye, 2009). Early in the 20th century, it was believed that children and adolescents could not suffer from depression. Later in the century, psychologists changed their minds and accepted that children can get depressed, however many agreed childhood depression is different from adult depression (Clarizio, 1989). A major cause or trigger of depression in the adolescents is thought to be stress. A predisposition to depression may also play a role; nonetheless, the additive stresses of every day adolescent life often appear to trigger depression (Clarizio 1989). There is a complex relationship between depression and suicide. Many depressed patients are suicidal and conversely most but not all suicidal individual manifest depressive mode and symptoms if not depressive illness (Pfeffer, 1989.) Adolescence can be a crucial phase in every ones life. There can be a lot emotional upheaval and stress. Adolescents can experience stress from family discord at home as well as having difficulties with peer relationships at school and academic performance. Adolescence during this period under goes with major changes body changes, change in thought pattern, and changes in feelings. Strong feelings of stress, confusion, fear and uncertainty, as well as pressure to succeed, and the ability to think about things in new ways influence a teenagers problem solve and decision making abilities. Majority of the adolescents undergo stress, whatever the sources may be internal or external it hampers the major functioning of the body. Most of the youngsters face multiple problems in their life. Each individual has to cope with different kinds of pressures laid down by the society and family. On the verge of coping those pressures, an individual himself or herself unconsciously frames a net and is caught in the same. Most of the students are pseudo they keep their own self in a rosy world and when they are confronted with the actual situation, they are unable to handle and thus it throws them to a stressful situation. The present study aim on the level of depression, anxiety, stress in the urban and the rural students. Contemporary views on the structure of negative emotion have largely arrived from the well documented observation that scores from various instruments designed to measure the levels of depression and anxiety tend to be highly correlated. (Clark and Watson 1991), and high rates of co morbidity exist among the anxiety and mood disorders (Andrew,1996). Clark and Watson (1991) proposed a tripartite model of anxiety and depression, which claims that both states are characterized by symptoms of elevated negative affect or general distress (example, distress, irritability),but that anhedonia (low levels of positive effect, eg. happiness, confidence, enthusiasm) is specific to depression and physiological hyper arousal ( autonomic symptoms, example trembling , sweating) is unique to anxiety. An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets. Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization. Measuring the extent of an urban area helps in analyzing population density and urban sprawl, and in determining urban and rural populations. Rural areas or the countryside are areas of land that are not urbanized, though when large areas are described, country towns and smaller cities will be included. They have a low population density, and typically much of the land is devoted to agriculture and there may be less air and water pollution than in an urban area. About 80 percent of the Indian population lives in villages. When travelling through the length and breadth of this subcontinent, one can really visualize the difference between rural and urb an in India. There is a big difference between urban and rural India. One of the major differences that can be seen between rural India and urban India is their standards of living. People living in urban India have better living conditions than those living in the rural parts of India. There is a wide economic gap between rural urban India. Rural India is very poor when compared to urban India. Another difference that can be seen between urban and rural India, is their education. In rural India, the parents seldom educate their children, and instead, make their children work in the fields. Poverty, and lack of sufficient infrastructure, can be attributed to the lack of education in rural India. Methodology Design: The research design used in this study is ex-post facto research design,as it explores the already existing causal conditions between the considered sample groups. The hypothesized the level of depression anxiety stress is higher in the urban school student then the rural school student background.To choose the participants purposive sampling methods were employed Sample The participants consisted of 60 students belonging to the age group of 14-15 years studying in rural and urban high schools. The sample of the study drawn from two schools one from the metropolitan city of Hyderabad and the other from Nagarkurnool,Mahboobnagar district. The students were divided into two groups of 30 each, namely urban and rural. Instruments Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale: In the present study, DASS-42 versin of the perep pencil test was used on the 10th STD students studying in urban and rural high schools. The DASS is a 42- item self report instrument designed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995), to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three DAS scales consists of 14 items divided into subscales of 2to 5 items having similar content to make up a total of 42 items which are placed in a random order in these scales. The depression scales assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest or involvement, anhedonia and inertia (Lovibond, S.H.Lovibond,P.F.;1995). The anxiety scale contains autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle  effects, situational anxiety and subjective experience of anxious affect (Lovibond et al., 1995). The stress scale being sensitive to chronic non-specific arousal assesses difficulty in relaxing, ner vous arousal, and being easily upset or agitated, irritable or over-reactive and impatient(Lovibond et al.,1995). The items are to be rated on a 4 point Likert Scale of 0 to 3. the option 3 to 0 signify how the sentence applied to the individual with the response ranging in the past week. The rating scale is as follows: 0 Did not apply to me at all 1 Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time. 2 Applied to me a considerable degree, or a good part of the time. 3 Applied to me very much, or most of the time. The option the participant chooses for each item (ie.0,1,2or 3) is regarded as the score for that item and the sum of the relevant items belonging to each one of the three subscales gives the scores for that subscale. These scores are then interpreted to determine the DAS level of the participant. Crawford and Henry (2003) found the internal consistency of the DASS subscales to be high with Cronbachs alphas of 0.94, 0.88 and 0.93 for depression, anxiety and stress respectively. According to Lovibond et al.(1995) the reliability scores of the scales in terms of Cronbachs alpha scores rate the Depression scale at 0.91, the Anxiety scale at 0.84 and the Stress scale at 0.90 in the normative sample. The measns and standard deviations for each scale are 6.34 and 6.97 for depression, 4.7 and 4.91 for anxiety and 10.11 and 7.91 for stress respectively.(Lovibond et al.,1995) Procedure: The test was administered on a one to one basis. Each participant was approached and was briefed about the purpose of the study. The consent was taken before conducting the test and was allowed to withdraw from the study whenever the participant wanted. The questionnaire was given to the subject and was asked to answer the questionnaire carefully based on how many times their parents might have used it. Instructions on paper were read out by the researcher in order to clear all doubts. The participant was asked to work through the items as quickly and as accurately as possible, including a cross mark against the appropriate opinion. Every doubts and any kind of ambiguity that arose in the participants mind were clarified. After the test was accomplished, the researcher expressed her gratitude to the participant for the cooperation. Later the questionnaire was collected and was statistically analyzed by the researcher. The descriptive statistics, Mean and Standard Deviation and the in ferential statistics t-ratio and p-value are used for analysis of the data.

How to Motivate Fred Maiorino Essay

Fred Maiorino was employed by Schering-Plough for 35 years and on July 19, 1991 he was terminated. Fred was terminated because the lack of motivation he has once Jim Reed was hired. The factors that inhibit Jim Reed from motivated Fred Maiorino are lack of leadership, lack of goals, and lack of an effective employee performance review. Leadership Jim Reed fails to motivate Fred because of the unsuccessful role as leader. A successful leader has the ability to manage and supervise the performances of their employees. (Kacmar, Carlson, Harris 2013). These authors describe several leadership styles but the most effective in motivating employees is transformational leadership style. The transformational leadership style inspires employees by establishing a work environment that is motivating and invigorating (Kacmar, Carlson, Harris 2013). Motivating employees initiate them to believe in organizations ambitions. The transformation leadership technique encourages and motivates employees to be mindful of the significance of their role within the company. The authors explain a transformation leader that stimulates and motivates employees has the ability to achieve astonishing outcomes and improve their leadership capability. They also assist in developing and strengthening employees. They are effective in overcoming defiance among the employees by instilling passion, strength and cooperation between employees and establishing a set of standards to follow. Leaders must demonstrate ethics, honesty, beliefs and trust to establish a positive work atmosphere so employees will be motivated to do their best. (Pryor, Singleton, Taneja, & Humphreys, 2010) A leader that motivates allows an employee to feel confident and appreciated for their work. Employees want to believe that they are valued and respected by their managers. Transformational leadership significantly enhances the competence leaders have to impact an increase in collaboration among employees. According to Schuh, Zhang, & Tian (2013) the end result of transformational leadership is â€Å"uniformly positive†. Transformational leaders believe employees are a valued asset instead of, just an employee. Employees should be involved in making decisions. Transformational leaders should be able to listen and have the ability to communicate with employees. A transformational leader will allow employees to disprove of ideas and  offer new suggestions. Employee motivate and morale will increase with the continually use of the transformational leadership style. Jim Reed should have adopted a transformational leadership style to motivate Fred Mariono. Goal Setting Jim Reed’s lack of goals contributes to the failure of motivating Fred. Goal setting is a tool that can be used to motivate employees, allowing them to feel important and valued as an employee. (Latham 2004) Efficient goal setting is force of performance. According to Locke & Latham (2002), the goal setting theory emphasizes that employees given precise goals than being told â€Å"do your best† The more successful attempts an employee has a obtaining their goal, the higher their job satisfaction will be. Setting goals for employees instill purpose and meaning to their job and allows them to challenge each other. Achieving goals increase employee’s interest, enhanced sense of personal efficiency, and pride in job performance. (Latham 2004) The importance of goals to employees influences the commitment to the goal. Goals are regulated by aptitude, commitment, feedback, difficulty, and situational elements. (Barsky 2008) An employee’s success in accomplishing stimulating but obtainable goals is directly correlated with positive and valued results. The higher the significance of the expected results for the employee, the higher the goal commitment to achieve it (Latham 2004). Once the goal is set, it is the employee’s assessment that will govern the level of performance (Latham, 2004). Specific goals set for Fred would have challenged, motivated, and increased his level of performance Performance Evaluation The failure of implementing an effective performance evaluation contributed to not motivating Fred. Jim Reeds method could be described as unintended outcome.(Van De Mieroop, Vrolix 2014) that is obtained from unacceptable performance ratings. Performance evaluations should be comprised of principles that determine the level of performance and a valuation to determine the achievements of the employee. An effective performance evaluation will clearly state employee’s expectations and standards. A performance evaluation review should not be based on historical factors. The purpose of performance reviews should focus on the future. (Van DE  Mieroop, Vrolix 2014) The most effective way to increase performance is by direct feedback (Ahmed, Sultan, Paul, Azeen 2013). The key motives for lack of performance can be accredited to lack of managerial success due to the lack of manager’s direction and feedback to employees. .(Yadav, Sushil, Sagar 2014) Leaders need to make employees aware of their responsibilities, obligations to the company and their expectation and then offer continuous feedback. Employees need to be made aware of the progress of their performance levels. (Yadav, Sushil, Sagar 2014) Many studies have revealed that most performance appraisals do not meet the company’s expectations because it emphasis the weaknesses of the employees. This has a tendency to make employees very defensive about the negative focus on their weaknesses. Along with distrust, negative feedback can deter performance, making the performance review ineffective for developing an employee. Jim Reed’s lack of an effective performance evaluation played a role in the termination of Fred. Recommendations Jim Reed needs to adopt a transformational leadership style. Employee ‘s level of performance is positively impacted when transformational leadership is applied. There are four transformational leadership approaches to increase productivity, increase motivation, and decrease turnover. (Zhu, Akhtar 2014) The first approach is to for leaders to set a superior example. This gains the leader respect and trust from employees. They are able to motivate, create change and boost the interest of employees. Second approach is leaders that inspire and are motivated themselves have the ability to motivate employees to be dedicated to the company’s goals. Leaders will also have the ability to encourage their employees to work together and obtain goals and increase their level of performance. (Baca Walker 2013) The third approach is that challenging employees intellectually will stimulate and encourage creativity and originality. Doing this, will able employees to think decisively and develop problem solving skills to assist the company in becoming more effective. The last approach, transformation leadership technique promotes employee consideration. Transformation leaders care about each employee and are often viewed as advisors and teachers. Schuh, Zhang and Tian (2013)have determined that there is a positive correlation between the behavior of  managers and employee results. The success of an organization is directly correlated with an increase in level of performance, efficiency, and improvement. A transformational leadership technique applied would have assisted in motivating Fred. Jim Reed needs to set goals for employees based on the goal setting theory to motivate employees. Performance is indirectly affected by setting goals. According to Latham & Locke (2002), there are several key factors to ensure that the goals are effective. Employees must possess the skills and knowledge to achieve the goal g iven. A learning goal should be set when the employee lacks the knowledge to obtain the goal. The employee needs to be committed to the goal. To ensure that an employee is committed, the goal must be important and deemed as achievable to the employee. Its neccassary that an employee feels committed to achieving the goal for the level of performance to be affected. (Bateman, Barry, 2012) One important factor that facilitates goal commitment is the belief that the individual are able to attain the goal. (Locke, Latham, 2002). Managers need to give the employee feedback, to keep the current on their achievements. Employees that learn they are below their goal usually escalate their determination or adjust their strategy to ensure they achieve their goal. Locke and Latham (2002) suggest that when feedback allows performance to be tracked in relation to one’s goal, goal setting is more effective. When employees realize that they are not on track to accomplish their, they will work harder to increase level of performance. (Tamemag, OHora, Maglieri 2013) If employees are unaware of their progress, they have no way of knowing that change is needed in their performance. The manager is also responsible for ensuring that the employee has all necessary resources to achieve their goal. The implementation of the goal setting theory would have assisted Jim Reed in motivating Fred and could have prevented him from being terminated. Jim Reed needs to base his employee performance review off of the Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale. Research has determined one of the most effective ways of evaluating employees is the Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale. BARS is technique that evaluates employees based on their level of performance. This scale combines basics from critical incident and graphic rating scale methods.( Hauenstein, Brown, Sinclair, 2010) BARS will assist in managing changes for promotions and helps in addressing poor performance. It allows the ability to evaluate  other programs within the organization. References Ahmed, I., Sultana, I., Paul, S., & Azeem, A. (2013). Employee performance evaluation: a fuzzy approach. International Journal Of Productivity & Performance Management, 62(7), 718-734 Bacha, E., & Walker, S. (2013). The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Followers’ Perceptions of Fairness. Journal Of Business Ethics, 116(3), 667-680 Barsky, A. (2008). Understanding the Ethical Cost of Organizational Goal-Setting: A Review and Theory Development. Journal Of Business Ethics, 81(1), 63-81 Bateman, T. S., & Barry, B. (2012). Masters of the long haul: Pursuing long-term work goals. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 33(7), 984-1006 Ganster, D. C., Kiersch, C. E., Marsh, R. E., & Bowen, A. (2011). Performance-Based Rewards and Work Stress. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management, 31(4), 221-235. Hauenstein, N. A., Brown, R. D., & Sinclair, A. L. (2010). BARS and Those Mysterious, Missing Middle Anchors. Journal Of Business & Psychology, 25(4), 663-672. Kacma r, K., Carlson, D. S., & Harris, K. J. (2013). Interactive Effect of Leaders’ Influence Tactics and Ethical Leadership on Work Effort and Helping Behavior. Journal Of Social Psychology, 153(5), 577-597. Latham, G. P. (2004). The motivational benefits of goal-setting. Academy Of Management Executive, 18(4), 126-129 Locke, E.A.,&Latham, G.P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57, 705–717. Pryor, M. G., Singleton, L. P., Taneja, S., & Humphreys, J. H. (2010). Workplace fun and its correlates: A conceptual inquiry. International Journal of Management, 27(2), 294-302. Schuh, S., Zhang, X., & Tian, P. (2013). For the Good or the Bad? Interactive Effects of Transformational Leadership with Moral and Authoritarian Leadership Behaviors. Journal Of Business Ethics, 116(3), 629-640 Tammemagi, T., O’Hora, D., & Maglieri, K. A. (2013). The Effects of a Goal Setting Intervention on Produc tivity and Persistence in an Analogue Work Task. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management, 33(1), 31-54 Van De Mieroop, D., & Vrolix, E. (2014). A Discourse Analytical Perspective on the Professionalization of the Performance Appraisal Interview. Journal Of Business -Communication, 51(2), 159-182 Whiting, H. J., Kline, T. B., & Sulsky, L. M. (2008). The performance appraisal congruency scale: An assessment of person-environment fit. International Journal Of Productivity And Performance Management, 57(3), 223-236 Yadav, N., Sushil, & Sagar, M. (2014). Revisiting performance measurement and management: deriving linkages with strategic management theories. International Journal Of Business Performance Management, 15(2), 87-105 Zhu, Y., & Akhtar, S. (2014). How transformational leadership influences follower helping behavior: The role of trust and prosocial motivation. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 35

Prescription Drug Abuse in Teenagers Essay

Although prescription drugs are not harmful if used correctly, prescription drug abuse is high in teenagers. Most parents would never think their teenagers are helping themselves to prescription medicine sitting on ones counter. The truth is, prescription drug abuse in teenagers has become very common nowadays. The drugs are easily accessible at home, or cheap to buy at school. They are highly addictive and can even cause death. Putting one’s prescriptions in a safe place may save a childs life. Prescription drug addiction usually starts with experimentation. Teenagers may be trying prescription drugs because their friends are doing it or it may just be out of curiosity. Some teenagers will turn to prescription drugs to forget their problems. As the addiction progresses, it becomes harder and harder to stop using the prescription drugs (Smith, 2010). Experimentation rarely leads to a good outcome. If one’s child starts with a simple experiment of prescription drug use, odds are it will ultimately end with addiction. Smith (2010), states â€Å"Addiction is a complex disorder characterized by compulsive drug use. People who are addicted feel an overwhelming, uncontrollable need for drugs† (Drug abuse and addiction, para. 1). When one has repeated drug use it will permanently alter the brain. The long-lasting effect on the brain changes ones ability to think, use good judgment, control ones behavior, or feel normal without the drug. It is the drug cravings and compulsions to use that make the addiction so powerful. These cravings and compulsions to use are partly cause by the changes the drugs make to one’s brain (Smith, 2010). The average prescription drug abuser will start between the ages of 12 and 17. Every day about 2,500 teenagers in this age group abuse a prescription drug for the first time (Havens, 2009). â€Å"The number of high school students who are abusing prescription pain relievers such as oxycodone (OxyCotin), a potent and highly addictive opiate, or sedative is on the rise† (Freedman, (2006), para. 3). Stimulants are the most common used, next is opiates, followed by tranquilizers, and then sedatives (Parenting Teens, 2005). The pain relievers such as Vicoden or OxyCotin are used to achieve a high, whereas the sedatives such as Xanax and Valium are used to relax or calm. These drugs can lead to dependence and addiction. Stimulants such as Adderall, Ritalin, Dexedrine, or Provigil decrease ones appetite but increases ones alertness and attention. These are dangerous because they can cause addiction, seizures, or heart attacks. Stimulants are often used to lose weight of for studying. Steroids are used to built ones bodies or promote athletic performance. The dangers involved in consuming steroids are mental and physical health effects as well as serious sexual effects (Havens, 2009). Findings from a 2005 survey conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health â€Å"indicates that approximately 21% of the U. S. population age 12 and older report using any type of prescription drug nonmedically in their lifetime, 16% report us of opiate-type pain killers, 8% report tranquilizer use, 8% report stimulant use, and 2% report sedative use† (Ford, 2008, para. 10). The study also found that substance abuse can cause users to offend the law as well as impair good judgment. However, it has been found that the violations of the law are followed by the abuse of prescription drugs, or other illegal substances. Therefore if one’s teenager is addicted to prescription drugs, legal difficulties will probably follow. The researchers believe substance abuse is a definite road to a delinquent lifestyle (Ford, 2008). Reported prescription drug abuse by high school seniors in 2005 Parenting Teens (2005). According to Freedman (2006), an 18-year-old who lives in San Francisco believes as long as the prescription medication is taken properly, it is much safer than any street drug. According to the findings of the Partnership for a Drug-Free America study, forty percent said prescription were much safer than illegal drugs; while 31 percent said that there was nothing wrong with using prescription drugs once in a while† (â€Å"Prescription-Drug Use by Teens,† (2006), para. 1). Teenagers think that because a medication has a prescription for an individual, it makes it safe for everyone. Several factors are involved in prescribing certain medications such as medical conditions, age, other prescriptions on may be taking and the diagnosis of the individual. Most teenagers do not consider these factors when helping themselves to medications prescribed to someone else. Prescription drugs are easy for a teenager to acquire either from their doctors or from their own medicine cabinets. Most parents are not aware of the risks involved in leaving a bottle of prescription medication lying on the counter for everyone to have access. It will start with taking one or two at a time and then the teenager ultimately proceeds to steeling the entire bottle, buying the prescription medications at school from classmates or even lying to their doctors to obtain their own prescriptions. The increasing popularity of nonmedical prescription drug use is based on the putative advantages of prescription drugs over â€Å"street† drugs: the drugs are easier to obtain, there is less likelihood of arrest, use is more socially accepted, and there is a perception the prescription drugs are safer† (Ford, (2008), para. 10). Prevention is the best tool concerning teenagers and prescription drug abuse. Havens, (2009), â€Å"Most teenagers say parents are not discussing the dangers of prescription drugs with them† (6 Steps to Prevent Prescription Drug Abuse in Teens, para. ). It is the parent’s responsibility to monitor closely the prescription medication in the home and purchase a lock box if necessary to keep one’s teenager safe. One needs to educate one’s teenagers in the dangers of prescription medication and the factors that go into prescribing those medications to each individual. Take it as far as asking the family physician to speak with one’s teenager if necessary. Sometimes they listen to strangers better than their own parents. Take the time to ensure there are no or out-of-date medications in the home. If these medications are no longer needed, dispose of them properly by flushing those (Havens, 2009). Parents are not always aware of how dangerous their own medication can be to their teenagers. MSNBC (2010). Parents also need to educate themselves in the signs associated with prescription drug abuse. Some of the thing one needs to watch for with their teenager behavior is neglecting responsibilities, getting into legal trouble, and even problems with the relationships with one’s friends. If ones teenager is starting to fall on school grades, not do chores at home, or even skipping school a pattern of neglecting responsibilities in beginning to develop. Behavior to watch for in relationships with friends would be losing longtime friends, and sometimes fist fighting with them. One may also be fighting more than usual with one’s siblings or ones boss at the job. The signs of legal trouble can be anywhere from simple disorderly conduct to any type of major crime. If ones teenager suddenly becomes involved with the law, something is wrong (Smith, 2010). The most noticeable physical signs of a prescription drug addiction is if ones pupils are bigger or smaller than normal, ones eyes are bloodshot, grooming habit deteriorate, unusual odor on breath or clothing, slurred speech, bad coordination, and tremors (Smith, 2010). Psychological warnings one can detect are (Smith, 2010), â€Å"Unexplained change in personality or attitude, sudden mood swings, irritability, or anger outbursts, periods of unusual hyperactivity, agitation, or giddiness, lack of motivation; appears lethargic or â€Å"spaced out†, appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid, with no reason† (Drug abuse and addiction, para. 9). Warning signs that tend to show more in teenagers are when one starts being secretive about their friends, one has a new interest in one’s clothing styles, and ones teenager is suddenly in need or more privacy then usual. If one has money, valuables, or prescription medication missing, one may need to consider the possibility of one’s teenager developing a prescription drug addiction. Other common signs are depression, withdrawing from the family, using incense to hide the smell, or eye drops to cover the dilated or bloodshot (Smith, 2010). Drug rehabilitation can be a costly, but necessary, adventure. According to ChooseHelp, (2010), â€Å"the professional staff involvement at any comprehensive and quality rehab facility disallows bargain treatment, and you need to be prepared to spend a significant amount of money to get a quality and effective treatment program (The Cost of Drug Rehab, para. 3). † Considering all cost involved in housing, feeding, drug therapies, and professional involvement, prices can range from a few thousand dollars a month all the way up to $30,000 per month (ChooseHelp, 2010). Several insurance companies will absorb most of the financial burden. One needs to contact one’s private insurance company and receive all details pertaining to this type of treatment. If one contacts one’s local State Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation Council, there are programs available to those that cannot pay nor have any insurance. One needs to take into consideration the seriousness of this addiction. When it involves a prescription drug addiction, one cannot let the cost be a factor in the determination of the treatment. According to ChooseHelp (2010), â€Å"family programs can help to heal a family harmed by the destruction and heartache of abuse; and bring back a healthier dynamic to the family as a whole (Families Need to be a Part of the Process, para. 3). † One needs to decide how much family involvement will be in the rehab process. Family involvement is extremely important not only for the family but for the addict as well. When family member are learning about the addiction from trained professionals as well as other families facing the same situation, families are taught what is most beneficial for the teen and it assures the family that they are not esponsible for the addiction (ChooseHelp, 2010). When seeking a prescription drug treatment center for teenager one needs to consider a program involving patient education as well as family education. The program should offer counseling sessions with a therapist or psychologist as well as peer group session involving several families. One needs to choose a facility close to home to achieve adequate family involvement (ChooseHelp, 2010). When the rehabilitation program is successfully completed it is also important to continue care in an outside group such as Alcohol Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous. Information for these meetings can be obtained in one’s local phone book. If the teenager in the home has been acting differently and medication is running out sooner than usual, take the steps necessary to help him or her. Admitting he or she may be addicted to prescription drugs is not easy but the help one can receive for him or her may save his or her life. Pay attention to the warning signs, ask questions at the doctor appointments and try not to have addictive medication prescribed to one’s child, especially if the child has had a problem in the past with any type of addiction. Be careful where prescription medications are located and consider investing in a lock box. It may be a decision that saves ones teenagers’ life. If one discovers one’s teenager has a prescription drug addiction, or any other addiction, do not be afraid to seek help. Money does not need to be an issue in saving ones life. References http://www.choosehelp.com/drug-rehab/families-need-to-be-a-part-of-the-process http://www.choosehelp.com/drug-rehab/the-costs-of-drug-rehab http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/12803776/ns/health-addictions/